SMART TRANSPORT SYSTEMS: USA AND JAPAN

With the rapid increase of modern economic and technical development, Intelligent Transportation Systems (AUS) are becoming more and more important and necessary for a country. Intelligent Transport Systems show that relying solely on the construction and expansion of transport infrastructure does not fundamentally solve existing transport problems and sometimes even makes such problems more serious. Especially for this reason, every country is actively researching AUS technologies for the solution of traffic problems. However, due to different fund investments, current technology applications and different traffic problems specific to each country, the development level and research areas of Intelligent Transportation Systems are different.

In this text; The focus will be on comparison and analysis of international AUS research. At the same time, we will try to shed light on the adaptation model of AUS technologies. The traffic problem is an issue that needs to be solved not only for individual countries but also globally. Each country should improve its technology communications, update and improve AUS techniques.

The Intelligent Transportation System (AUS) is based on the increasing demands of transport development. Information, communication, computer and other technologies should be applied in the field of transportation to form an integrated human, road and vehicle system.

The focal point of AUS service objects; from road managers to road users. To achieve this goal, AUS uses advanced technology to provide drivers with road information and appropriate services to reduce traffic congestion and increase road capacity. The previous Intelligent Transportation System (AUS) concept was proposed by the United States in the 1960s.

Research and development bases today; It was established in the United States, Japan and the European Union. In addition to these regions, South Korea, Norway and Singapore also have high levels of AUS development.

As the basis of traditional traffic engineering, Intelligent Transportation System (AUS) has been developed as a new transportation system. Due to various national circumstances, development priorities are different and the content of AUS research is not the same.

United States of America

In the United States, the Electronic Road Guidance System was implemented in the 1970s as the first phase of the Intelligent Transportation System (AUS). In the 1991s, the US Congress enacted "Integrated Surface Transport Efficiency Programs (ISTEA)". TEA-21 (Transport Equity Act for the 21st Century) as a project formulated in ISTEA 1997s

Compared to ISTEA, TEA-21's project scale and economic investment have a significant impact on the development of AUS technology.

Federal and State Transport Units (DOTs) to improve the safety and efficiency of the country's road transport system; collaborated with vehicle manufacturers to propose Vehicle Infrastructure Integration based on technical, economic and political feasibility assessment.

The AUS Strategic Research Plan 2010-2014 was announced by the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) on December 8, 2009. The strategic direction of AUS research is defined within the framework of this plan.

Japan

Impressive benefits are achieved due to huge AUS investments in Japan. AUS technologies are also included in operational processes nationwide. And the maturity of these applications reinforces Japan's role in the world's leading intelligent transportation systems.

Japan began its research in 1996 to collect and transmit real-time traffic information. The world's first vehicle information communication system (Vehicle Information Communications Systems, VICS) has been used nationwide since 2003. As a result, since 2003, traffic and congestion information has been recorded.

Researches are carried out in Japan on vehicles and vehicle problems by making VICS featured. The technical architecture of Japan's VICS was designed in the early 1990s, and this model was added to In-Vehicle Navigation System Version 1.0. named.

Japan completed the concept development of the Smartway in 2004 and was partially used nationwide in 2007. This process has an extremely fast development timeline of only 3 years. In 2010, widespread national Smartway distribution started in Japan. Smartway offers an experience developed based on Japan's AUS deployment in collaboration with vehicle-to-highway. With Smartway, services are offered on different platforms.

Smartway uses 5.8 GHz DSRC technology to create visual information about future road conditions and traffic conditions, providing contextually specific information to the driver based on location. Smartway uses an efficient roadside unit to alert Drivers, especially in accident prone areas.